Causal Inference in Environmental Epidemiology: Old and New Approaches
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Causal inference in environmental epidemiology
Inferring causality is necessary to achieve the goal of epidemiology, which is to elucidate the cause of disease. Causal inference is conducted in three steps: evaluation of validity of the study, inference of general causality, and inference of individual causality. To evaluate validity of the study, we propose a checklist that focuses on biases and generalizability. For general causal inferen...
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[In St. Louis, in 1883, the population density of 9.8 persons to the acre] is indeed a low density compared with that of most metropolitan cities: that of London, for instance, is given at 52.5 to the acre in 1883. And yet we find the annual rate of mortality per thousand in London in 1883 to have been but 20.4, while that of St. Louis was 21.35. With such a variance existing in the relative de...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Epidemiology
سال: 2019
ISSN: 1044-3983
DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000987